A concise way of expressing a single method interface using an expression. This is helpful in writing functional programming style code.
// Java example of Lambda expressions
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(10, 20, 30, 40, 50); // Using Lambda Expression numbers.forEach(n -> System.out.println(n)); // Traditional way of looping for (Integer n : numbers) { System.out.println(n); }
A shorthand notation for invoking a method by name, which makes the code easier to read and reducing unnecessary repetition.
// Java example of Method references
List<String> names = Arrays.asList("John", "David", "Bob", "Alice"); // Using method reference names.forEach(System.out::println); // Traditional way of looping for (String name : names) { System.out.println(name); }
A new interface that has a single abstract method, which is used for functional programming in Java.
// Java example of Functional interface
@FunctionalInterface interface MyInterface { void myMethod(); } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { // Using anonymous inner class MyInterface obj = new MyInterface() { @Override public void myMethod() { System.out.println("Hello World"); } }; obj.myMethod(); // Using Lambda Expression MyInterface obj1 = () -> System.out.println("Hello World"); obj1.myMethod(); } }
The Stream API, fantastic tools introduced in Java 8 belongs to the java.util.stream package and includes classes, interfaces, and an enum that enable functional-style operations on elements. Stream API is its lazy computation, meaning it executes operations only when needed.
// Java example of Stream API
List<String> names = Arrays.asList("John", "David", "Bob", "Alice"); // Using Stream API names.stream() .filter(name -> name.startsWith("J")) .map(String::toUpperCase) .forEach(System.out::println); // Traditional way of looping for (String name : names) { if (name.startsWith("J")) { System.out.println(name.toUpperCase()); } }
Java 8 introduced Default methods, which act like helpful shortcuts in interfaces. It allow to create default methods inside the interface. Method that declared with default keyword inside interface are known as default method. These default methods are non-abstract means these methods can have method body.
// Java example of Default methods
interface MyInterface { default void myMethod() { System.out.println("Hello World"); } } public class Main implements MyInterface { public static void main(String[] args) { Main obj = new Main(); obj.myMethod(); } }
A new class introduced in Java 8, that allows you to encode and decode the data in Base64 format.
// Java example of Base64 Encode Decode
import java.util.Base64; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { String original = "Hello World"; String encoded = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(original.getBytes()); System.out.println("Encoded String: " + encoded); byte[] decodedBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(encoded); String decoded = new String(decodedBytes); System.out.println("Decoded String: " + decoded); } }
A new feature of Java 8 that allows you to define static methods inside an interface.
// Java example of Static methods in interface
interface MyInterface { static void myMethod() { System.out.println("Hello World"); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { MyInterface.myMethod(); } }
The Optional class serves as a versatile container, capable of holding a value that may or may not contain a non-null value. It is used to avoid null pointer exceptions when accessing objects. Optional class provides methods to check the presence of a value and perform actions based on that.
// Java example of Optional class
Optional<String> name = Optional.ofNullable(null); // check if value is present if (name.isPresent()) { System.out.println(name.get()); } else { System.out.println("Name is null"); }
Java 8's Collectors class is a powerful tool and it is final class that extends objects class. It provide manipulate collections by using intuitive methods like summing, averaging, and counting elements. With Java 8 Collectors, you can efficiently manage data, streamline code, and enhance performance,
// Java example of Collectors class
List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "Dave"); String result = names.stream() .collect(Collectors.joining(", ")); System.out.println(result);
The forEach() method is used to perform an action on each element of a collection. It is used with the Stream API.
// Java example of ForEach() method
List<String> names = Arrays.asList("Alice", "Bob", "Charlie", "Dave"); names.stream() .forEach(System.out::println);
The Nashorn JavaScript Engine is a JavaScript engine for the Java Virtual Machine. It provides a way to execute JavaScript code from within a Java application.
// Java example of Nashorn JavaScript Engine
ScriptEngineManager manager = new ScriptEngineManager(); ScriptEngine engine = manager.getEngineByName("js"); engine.eval("print('Hello, world!');");
Parallel Array Sorting is a way to sort large arrays in parallel using multiple threads. It is used to improve the performance of sorting large arrays
// Java example of Parallel Array Sorting
int[] numbers = {5, 2, 7, 1, 8, 4, 9, 3, 6}; Arrays.parallelSort(numbers); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(numbers));
Type and Repeating Annotations are used to provide additional metadata to Java classes and methods. They are used to specify attributes, behaviors, and restrictions for classes and methods.
// Java example of Type and Repating Annotations
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.METHOD) @Repeatable(TestCases.class) public @interface TestCase { String value(); } @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.METHOD) public @interface TestCases { TestCase[] value(); }
IO Enhancements are improvements made to the Input/Output (IO) functionality in Java. They include new APIs and classes that provide better performance, security, and functionality.
// Java example of IO Enhancements
try (BufferedReader reader = Files.newBufferedReader(Paths.get("file.txt"))) { String line; while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
Concurrency Enhancements are improvements made to the Java Concurrency API. They include new classes and methods that make it easier to write concurrent code.
// Java example of Concurrency Enhancements
CompletableFuture<String> future = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> { // Some long running task return "Hello, world!"; }); future.thenAccept(System.out::println);
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) Enhancements are improvements made to the Java API for database connectivity. They provide new features and improved performance for accessing databases from Java applications
// Java example of JDBC Enhancements
try (Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, username, password); Statement statement = connection.createStatement(); ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM employees")) { // process the result set } catch (SQLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }
// Java Abstract classes example
import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException { String password = "myPassword123"; MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256"); md.update(password.getBytes()); byte[] digest = md.digest(); System.out.println("SHA-256 hash of the password: " + bytesToHex(digest)); } public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (byte b : bytes) { sb.append(String.format("%02x", b)); } return sb.toString(); } }
In the example above, we use the MessageDigest class to compute the SHA-256 hash of a password. This is an example of a cryptographic operation that can be performed using Java 8's security enhancements.
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