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Access Modifiers in Java

In Java, the access modifiers define the scope or accessibility of a field, method, constructor, or class. We can change a field, constructor, function, or class's access level by using the access modifier.

Table Of Content

Access Modifiers in Java
Access Modifiers Chart
Private Access Modifiers
Default Access Modifiers
Protected Access Modifiers
Public Access Modifiers

There are four types of Java access modifiers:

Private: Access levels for a private modification depend on the class. Users outside the class cannot access it.
Default: The default access modifier's access level is fix to inside the package. It is not accessible from the outside of the package.
Public: A public access modifier's access level can be found everywhere. It is accessible from any where form both inside and outside of the classes as well as from both inside and outside of the package.
Protected: A protected access modifier has access to the inside and outside the package using a child class. If in case no child class is declared, it cannot be accessed from outside the package.

Java Access Modifiers

Access Modifier	Same Class	Within package	Same package by subclass	Outside package bysubclasses	Global
Public	YES	YES	YES	YES	YES
Protected	YES	YES	YES	YES	NO
Default	YES	YES	YES	NO	NO
Private	YES	NO	NO	NO	NO

Private

Private access modifier can be accessible within class.

Only the class in which they are declared can access methods or data members that have been declared as private.
The members of these classes are not accessible to any other classes in the same package.
Top-level classes and interfaces cannot be declared as private or protected because they can only be seen by members of the enclosing class and any subclasses, respectively.

 // example of private access modifier

package HELLO;
class Age{  
	private int Age=40;  
	private void DisplayAge(){
		System.out.println("My age is"+Age);
	}  
}    
public class Main{  
 public static void main(String args[]){  
   Age age=new Age();  
   System.out.println(age.Age);   //C.T  Error  
   age.DisplayAge();             //C.T  Error
   }  
}

Output:

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.Error: Unresolved compilation problems:

The field Age.Age is not visible

The method DisplayAge() from the type Age is not visible

Private Constructor

You cannot create an instance of a class from outside the class if the constructor is made private. see below example

 // example of Private Constructor

package HELLO;
class Age{  
	private int Age=40;  
	private Age() { // Private Constructor
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}
	private void DisplayAge(){
		System.out.println("My age is"+Age);
	}  
}    
public class Main{  
 public static void main(String args[]){  
   Age age=new Age();  //C.T  Error  as Private Constructor
   System.out.println(age.Age);   //C.T  Error  
   age.DisplayAge();             //C.T  Error
   }  
}

Output:

The constructor Age() is not visible

The field Age.Age is not visible

The method DisplayAge() from the type Age is not visible

Default

A class, method, or data member is said to have the default access modifier by default when no access modifier is specified for it.

The data members, classes, or methods that are not declared with any access modifiers are accessible within the same package, It is like default access modifiers

Example of default access modifier

//PackageCheck.java

package tutorial;
 class PackageCheck{
   public void Print(){
      System.out.println("Hello World");
    }
}

class PackageCheck is not accessible in Main.java

//Main.java

package HELLO;
import tutorial.*;
class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
    	PackageCheck packageCheck=new PackageCheck();  //C.T  Error
    	packageCheck.Print();  //C.T  Error
   }
}

Protected

The only way to access the protected access modifier is through inheritance, both inside and outside of the package.

The constructor, method, and data member can all be used with the protected access modifier. It is not permitted to be used in class.It is more accessible than the default modifier.

Example of protected access modifier

//PackageCheck.java

package tutorial;
    public class PackageCheck{
    protected  void Print(){
    System.out.println("Hello World");
    }
}

//Main.java

package HELLO;
import tutorial.*;
class Main {
    publicstatic void main(String[] args){
    PackageCheck packageCheck=new PackageCheck();  
    packageCheck.Print();  
    }
}

Output:

Hello World

Public

Everywhere has access to the public access modifier. Among all the other modifiers, it has the broadest range.

Out of all the access modifiers, the public access modifier has the most flexibility.
The program can access any class, method, or data member that has been declared public. The range of public data members is unrestricted.

Example of Public access modifier

//PackageCheck.java

package tutorial;
     public class PackageCheck{
        public  void Print(){
        System.out.println("Hello World");
        }
    }

//Main.java

package HELLO;
import tutorial.*;
class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
    PackageCheck packageCheck=new PackageCheck();  
    packageCheck.Print();  
    }
}

Output:

Hello World

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Access Modifiers in Java

There are four types of Java access modifiers:

Java Access Modifiers

Private

Private Constructor

You cannot create an instance of a class from outside the class if the constructor is made private. see below example

Default

Example of default access modifier

Protected

Example of protected access modifier

Public

Example of Public access modifier

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